Waste Management
Impact of Waste Accumulation
16
SYLLABUS AND SCOPE Weste Management
Impact of waste occumulation-spoilage of landscape, pollution, health hazards, ellect on terrestrial, aquatic freshwater and marine) life Need for waste management
OUTLINE OF THE CHAPTER
Introduction
pt of waite accumulat
2 Spollage of landscap on-impact of al oper disposal of waste and its effects hazards-caused by wades
4
effects of wastes on terrestrial and aquate fresh and marine Mes
Need for management of wete m related to waste generation and management Waste management in different areas-urban, rural
Waste management and 3Rs-Reduong Reusing and Recycling
1-INTRODUCTION-IMPACT OF WASTE Wherever there is life, there is activity, and in most
ACCUMULATION
cases, wherever there is activity, it generates waste. In the hosphere-natural vegetation animals and insects generate the ate which is automatically recycled, as a natural process, ether it is absorbed by soil or consumed or gets back in de ammosphere in the form of gas as it degenerated
On the other hand, waste generated due to human activities is directly related to human development, both technologically and socially. The composition of different wastes, varies with industrial innovation and development, and can be categorised into solid, liquid or gaseous waste eg.
plastics, chemical effluents and nuclear waste. Waste is useless or unwanted material that has no in open yards. The accumulated solid wa further use and so it is thrown away (also known as decomposing and thus polluting the environ
trash, rubbish, refuse, garbage junk).
Wastes may be generated during the extraction of
raw materials, the processing of raw materials into intermediate, and final products, the consumption of Sinal products and other human activities. Technologies are advancing at a very fast pace, life is upgrading, cities are expanding with tremendous growth
in population. Cities converting into metropolitan cities
along with socio-economic growth, lead to complex
waste management problems. Major one is solid wa management, as the problem of waste disposal metropolitan cities are multiplying, with huge quan of biogradable waste being generated. The impac uncontrolled waste on environment is disastrous.
This man made waste not only has an adverse e on the surroundings but also causes health hazard around in air, water and land. Indiscriminate disposal of waste in the urban
is becoming a major concern for our country
increasing population, major cities are facing the p
of garbage accumulation due to lack of space.
Although community dustbin collections a practice in India, they are not often property or installed in proper locations. Waste is simply
2. SPOILAGE OF LANDSCAPE Spoilage of landscape refers to the heaps
garbage and trash in urban cities is left untreated. It spoils not only aesthetic beauty but also causes severe damage to the envi decaying waste matter becomes the breeding sorts of insects, flies and mosquitoes. It is m near the over crowded residential areas spread infectious diseases.
ste Management-Impact
of Waste Accumulation
W tad mines mines and hospitals.
ye toxic terial which may come
pps and may
dates. It may have long term
on soil h even enter the food chun
of same van save the spoilage
of land and at the same time it can be recycled into
fil product
Secondary pollutants as it of the reaction thr takes place among the primary pollutants, and al anspheric compounds, eg Ozone he most common hazards of air pollution arcrad
ram, global warming one depletion and
meg formation Acid rain- The major air pollutants like sulph diuide and nitrous oxide enter the from coal find power stations, road vehicles and factory chimneys
(See Fig 16.2)
The sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide mix with the moisture in the air to become sulphuric acid and nitric acid. Ram, snow and other precipitation containing sulphuric acid and nitric acid fall to the earth, causing extensive damage to forests, fish, animals and human beings. It also damages the statues and stonework of building. It may cause crop destruction and respiratory problems in children.
POLLUTION-IMPACT ON HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENT
The overcrowded urban areas generate excessive Large piles of garbage and overflowing olimpifers lead to pollution of air, water and sail Substances causing pollution are called pollutants
(A) Air Pollution-Air pollution is the introduction Chemicals particulate matter or biological materials into the atmosphere that cause harm or discomfort to human and other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural
Global warming The global warming and green house effect is caused when certain gases, released in part through human activities rise into atmosphere and trap sun's heat.
Pourly desig
Fig. 16.1 Tim major pollutants-1 Cerbon date 2 Dot 3 Lead 4 Camon monoxide 5 Suphur dioxide & O Oxides of Ntrogen Radiacion 9 Mercury 10 Phosphate
Air pollutants can be in the form of solid particles, liquid droplets or gases. They may be primary or Secondary
Primary pollution are directly emitted in the air such as- Ash from the volcanic eruption, carbon monoxide from motor vehicles exhaust or sulphur dioxide from factories.
Primary pollutants are emitted directly into the air and include carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM). (See Fig 16:1)
dumping
Fig. 16.2:Sources of Pollution
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Carbon dioxide (CO) created primarily by the burning of fossil contienes to the problems Methane is released by industries using coal as Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC), which comic from refrigerators, also contribute to the problem. Orone poses the same problem as it is formed by
photochemical smog in the lower level of atmosphere
Drone in some the upper atosphere polinon However, ozone in the upper atmosphere major factor in making life possible on earth This layer in the stratosphere shields the earth from the sun's ultraviolet rays by absorbing them. However, the depletion of ozone layer, with increase in the amount of radiation, causes damage to plant life, human beings and oceanic life. Skin cancer and Cataract are caused. The body is exposed to infectious diseases. Plankton on which the fish survives is also
affected Smog - Smog is a form of air pollution. The term
was first used in 1905 to describe the combination
of smoke and thick fog that hung over London.
This occurs when the moisture in air condenses on smoke particles produced by burning coal, forming tiny samog particles
Fig. 164 Photochemical Sinog
This type of smog is dangerous for lungs as sulphur dioxide gas attacks the lungs and makes breathing difficult. (See Fig 16.5) Its also called sulphur smo
Fig. 16.3: London type simog
Smog also refers to a condition caused by the action of sunlight on the exhaust gases from automobiles and factories, (See Fig 16.3)
Weather conditions such as lack of wind or a thermal
diversion may cause smog to build up in an area. A thermal diversion occurs when a layer of warm air settles over a layer of cool air that lies near the ground. This condition prevents the smog from rising and scattering. (See Fig 16.4) There are two kinds of smog (London type smog.
Fig. 16.5: Asthma patient taking inhaler
(ii) The second type of smog called photochemical occurs when various types of air pollution from industry and automobiles mix. When this occurs in the presence of sunlight and heat, it causes chemica reactions that create toxic chemicals such as ozon It can irritate the eyes, nose, throat and damage th lungs. Smog also destroys plant life.
Thermal Power Stations emit fly ash, SO, CON etc which are very harmful for human beings.
Nuclear power plants- The processed nuclear is introduced into the reactors to carry out fiss
We Management-Impact of Waste Accumulation
s released from med Water Pollution adhaliapens become potential Ans chemical that change the colour and odor of
walt, uses oxygen in the water completely and affects the well-being of the loving organumes callest rater
When waste get into water bodies like ponds, lakes
rivers and groundwater, they affect the environment
Fig 188
Table
161 Some important Air Pollutants, their Anthropogenic Sources and Health Effects
Air Polluctants
Major anthropogenic Sources
Perticalates Industrial process. Tive effects themagh
pollution combustion of fact several mochai
Effect on human beings
melading interface with respiratory the Imitatam of respiratory diminished fung function aggravation of asthma
Sulphur de system (90.)
Combustion of fuel Industrial processes
Tramportation, Agricultural humming
(CD)
Nitrogen disade (NO)
Transportation (mostly automobiles). Combustion of
Tasic, respiratory tract problems with
increasing concentrations, nasal irritation, breathing discomfort, acute respiratory problems, accumulation of fluids, death of animals
Ozone (0)
Secondary pollutant
derived from reactions with sunlight, NO, and
Hydrocarbons
Automobiles, Industrial processes, Evaporation of of organic solvents, Agricultural
humming
membranes may cause injury when inhaled at concentrations greatly exceeding standands
Toxic, easily enters blood in increasing concentrations, impairment of psychmotor functions, headache
Toxic, in increasing concentrations nose and throat imitation, fatigue, lack of coordination
Imitate mucous
When a stream of hot water falls into the cold water of a river, its temperature increases and the quantity of dissolved oxygen in water decreases. Due to temperature rise, the breathing rate of animals
increase Pollutants from industries which are released in
and human life, The examples are as follows Sewage Disposing of sewage waste is a maje problem In the developing countries lack of basic sanitation affects peoples immediate environment and leads to water related illnesses such as
Eutrophication Water pollution gives use to
(See Fig 16.7)
diarrhoea. Eutrophication. It is the process of depletion of oxygen from water bodies, occuring either naturally or due to human activities
The process of eutrophication takes place due to introduction of nutrients and chemicals through discharge of domestic sewage, industrial effluents and fertilisers from agricultural fields
Algae and phytoplankton use carbon dioxide in organic nitrogen and phosphate from water as food.
Fig. 16.7 Eutrophication
They serve as food for microscopic animals
(zooplanktons). Small fish feed on these zooplanktons
and large fish in turn consume these small fish If oxygen, light and heat into water body is reduced it causes death of most of the aquatic organisms. Due to eutrophication, plants rot and fish die due to lack of oxygen
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particular hazard to birds and mammals. (See Fig. 16
e to
tion
aber
hasic
water, such as sense load, menury, fluorides, etc. Ave sous heals impacts on humans
Alathyl mercury, like other heavy metals is very to
in nature to 199 contaminated water, containing methyl mercury, caused serious hemith impact in minimata, Many fishes, who consumed that crabs, gl comming methylmercury, developed a crippling and often fatal disease called minamata disease Many people for their life and others were injured
Infectious microunuch as worms, viruses and bacteria from infected organisms as well as human and animal wastes are responsible for water Forne diseases
Impact of water pollution on life Almost 80% our health problems are because of consuming polluted water
dy Soll Pollution
Fig 163: Of spill
Soil pollution usually results from the disposal o and semi solid wastes in agricultural practices, ind processes and in sanitary habits
gh
in
Fig 16.10: Farm Chemicals and Wishes Rain
nds own into ateams along with a cher
that were ined for the crope Bendes
lot These pour ad to dieses The
Fig. 16.5: Water pollution-Bacteria and virus present in the ted water can cause a wide variety of stomach siments such as gastroenteritis, darmoea, ver diseases, etc
Various types of bacteria and parasites contaminate the water. The acidity in water is hazardous to marine life.
Excessive CO, and chlorine in water kills fish. The contaminated waste leach into groundwater or flow into the neighbouring water. The leachate from farm waste dumps carry residues of insecticides, herbicides, pesticides and other chemicals. They also include animal waste, which is hazardous for human and animals. (See Fig. 16.8)
Xoli Spills
Oil spills are hazardous for marine life, as oil being viscous in nature, does not mix in water. Hence, it floats on water and the marine life gets suffocated in absence of air The thin layer of oil on the surface water is called an
oil slick
Most of the components of oil are toxic, and present
Waste Management-Impact of Waste Accumulation
particular hazard to birds and mammals. (See Fig. 16
e to
tion
aber
hasic
water, such as sense load, menury, fluorides, etc. Ave sous heals impacts on humans
Alathyl mercury, like other heavy metals is very to
in nature to 199 contaminated water, containing methyl mercury, caused serious hemith impact in minimata, Many fishes, who consumed that crabs, gl comming methylmercury, developed a crippling and often fatal disease called minamata disease Many people for their life and others were injured
Infectious microunuch as worms, viruses and bacteria from infected organisms as well as human and animal wastes are responsible for water Forne diseases
Impact of water pollution on life Almost 80% our health problems are because of consuming polluted water
dy Soll Pollution
Fig 163: Of spill
Soil pollution usually results from the disposal o and semi solid wastes in agricultural practices, ind processes and in sanitary habits
gh
in
Fig 16.10: Farm Chemicals and Wishes Rain
nds own into ateams along with a cher
that were ined for the crope Bendes
lot These pour ad to dieses The
Fig. 16.5: Water pollution-Bacteria and virus present in the ted water can cause a wide variety of stomach siments such as gastroenteritis, darmoea, ver diseases, etc
Various types of bacteria and parasites contaminate the water. The acidity in water is hazardous to marine life.
Excessive CO, and chlorine in water kills fish. The contaminated waste leach into groundwater or flow into the neighbouring water. The leachate from farm waste dumps carry residues of insecticides, herbicides, pesticides and other chemicals. They also include animal waste, which is hazardous for human and animals. (See Fig. 16.8)
Xoli Spills
Oil spills are hazardous for marine life, as oil being viscous in nature, does not mix in water. Hence, it floats on water and the marine life gets suffocated in absence of air The thin layer of oil on the surface water is called an
oil slick
Most of the components of oil are toxic, and present
Waste Management-Impact of Waste Accumulation
to sad pollution
The problem of land pollution differs the water und
ate polomon to use especut pollutants remain in place
CT relatively longer periods Threct pollution of land by pathogenic organisms also
incrones loxicily in soil Microorganisms enter the food
chain or water and are consequently ingested by man. Sol pollutants ichide fertilizers and pesticides these chemicals remain in soil for a long time continuously contaminating the top soil and groundwater.
Fig 16.11: Industrial Wastes The industrial wastes are far more polluting than the human wastes. They send toxic chemicals, oil, des of subhur and nitrogen into water. These pollutants lead to acid rain and themat palution that threaten both animal life and plant life
The garbage, untreated sewage, mining waste, industry effluents containing chemicals and nuclear waste also pollute the soil and may endanger life of humans, animals and insects alike. (See Fig 16.10 and 16.11)
Biomagnifications and Soil Pollution
The term biomagnification means increasing concentration of various toxic substances along the food chains. It occurs because- (See Fig. 16.12 and 16.13)
(i) Toxic effluents from industries are released into
water and soil. (a) They are deposited in the tissues of terrestrial
plants and aquatic organisms.
Fig 16.13: Toxic effects of chemic The rests are danged by the affects of acid rain it can nok for and other animali vers and lakes causes damag cof buildings as way tooks
(ii) These organisms in the plants are consumed by other organisms thus increasing the concentration at each trophic level as they move up the food
chains
(iv) The disease affects the brain, causing is sanity and death as a result of pollution of water by Industrial effluents containing methyl mercury
4. HEALTH HAZARDS CAUSED BY WASTES
• Accumulation of waste is a result of inefficient infrastructure of waste disposal and affects the human health and spreads infectious diseases.
Particularly organic domestic waste pose a serious
threat since they ferment.
Direct handling of solid waste can result in various
types of infectious and chronic diseases affecting the waste workers and the rag pickers Exposure to hazardous waste can affect human
health, children most vulnerable to these pollutants
as the direct exposure leads to chemical poisoning Agricultural and industrial waste cause serious
chemical and radioactive hazards to human life.
• Disposal of hospital and medical waste creates
serious health hazards, through different diseases due
to contaminated food and drink or inhalation. Waste treatment and disposal bins can also create health hazards. Ill designed landfills attract all types
of insects and rodents that spread diseases
Recycling may also cause great risks for workers as they may experience toxic exposure. Especially disposable syringes are picked up by rag pickers and reused causing serious infections
Some chemicals like cynides, polychlorinate
Fig. 16.12: Biomagnification
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piphorsts and mercury are highly toxic and expor to them leads disease or de The unhygienic me mit disposal of plastics and
as effects on human health are a manier of great
concem Colour plastic are harmful their pigment contams heavy metals that are highly unic Some of the harmful metals found in plastics and copper, chronion, cobalt and lead Toxic substances found in waste cause cancer genetic disorder, and foetal human (teratogens) chemicals
like arsenic, cadmium and chromium are mostly responsible for cancer Carbon monooxide is most hazardous for humans as
it causes serious headache, etc. electrical and e-waste connected health risks may
.Electronic Waste or e-waste describes discarded
harmful materials such as lead, cadmium chromium and inhalation of toxic times. 5. EFFECTS OF WASTE ON AQUATIC LIFE
(Fresh and Marine life) and terrestrial Life Aquatic life and chemical pollutants, chemical effluents, produced by industries are released into rivers and is responsible for pulmonary changes, odema and and subsequently into the sea, destroy microorganisms. haemorrhage in dogs, cats and rabbits Acids are lethal to fish and other marine life.
The toxic metals like lead, arvest, copper cadmium rcury and mickle, are also harmful to marine life
Freshwater Marine Life
Wien water containing excess salts is drcharged into the nvers, the river course becomes brackish which affects fish life. Many freshwater fish varieties die in salt water due to smotic changes
In aquatic ecosystem cadmum can bioaccumulatie in mussels, cysters, shrimps, lobsters and fish. Freshwater organisms are this more susceptible to
cadmium dan salt water organisms
Impact on Terrestrial Life
Earthworms and other soil organisms are extremely susceptible to cadmium pononing
Chronic poisoning results from consumption of arsenic, lead and molybednum. ⚫ Air contaminated with ozone has irritant qualities
Another known pollutant is fluoride Animals are sucesptible to fluorosis. Cattle and sheep are most commonly affected ammals
Diarrhoea, weight loss, lowered fertility and reduced milk production are some of the major effects of fluondes
seen in animals and cattles.
6. NEED FOR MANAGEMENT OF WASTE
The rapid growth of population and industry and the increase in the number of vehicles and airplanes, has made pollution of environment serious problem in many metropolitan cities an even rural areas since last two decades
Increasing urbanisation has lead to overcrowdin of cities. Thus lack of space for disposal garbage, increasing air pollution, water pollutio soil pollution and nuclear pollution is affecting on Earth
There is an increase in airborne and wa
borne diseases. spoilage of landscape and fea
radioactive waste affecting all life, human, pla
animals and marine life, due to environme
pollution. (See Fig. 16.15)
Fig. 16.14: Polluted water kills fish
The presence of excess amount of chlorine in streams completely destroy the aquatic life.
Carbon monoxide is also lethal to fish and its eggs. It interferes with the respiration of fish.
DDT is most widespread man-made pollutant in the environment. It is fatal to fish. (See Fig 16.14)
Waste Management-Impact
of Waste Accumulation
Send, air or water that bartfully affect t Thas there is an urgent need to find ways we disposal without emising any harm to life on The waste must be recycled to conserve our resources and protect our environment
The need for waste management so depends o the country's level of development Develop countries of US and Europe do not face the problems as they have the latest knowhow
awareness and better management techniques >The need of the bar in our country is to imple the following steps in controlling pollution and to man increasing generation of waste to their advantag
Fig 16.13 Cometal poluson dependin and permanente
Environmental pollution is a serious problem of the industrialised societies because people have recycling it converted the life supporting systems of the entire lexing world into their own resources. In the process they have disturbed the natural ecological
balance Serious degradation and depletion of resources has been caused through overuse, misuse and mismanagement of resources to meet the human
greed.
• Environmental pollution is defined as the unfavourable alternation of our surroundings through direct or indirect efforts of changes in the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of
As the population keeps on increasing, many people from villages migrate to cities. As a result, all the rivers are polluted with human wastes as the city govemment fails to maintain proper sanitary services for such a large population. Aquatic animals also start getting perished.
Restricting population growth Evolvement of proper infrastructure
. Disposal of waste in covered vans Implementation of strict laws against polluting
environment by imposing heavy fines Educating the farmers about the impact of harm
pesticides on human life and soil Human population explosion, rapid industrializat
deforestation, unplanned urbanization, scient
and technological advancement are the ma
causes of environment pollution.
Fig. 16.16 Growing population needs proper waste management
7. PROBLEMS RELATED TO WASTE
All types of pollution are caused due to inefficient management of solid, liquid and gaseous waste. Main problem while dealing with solid waste is the transportation of wastes. Due to pollution more and more waste is being generated. As the quantity of waste increases day by day, waste transportation has a significant place in transport planning of a place.
8. TECHNIQUES OF WASTE MANAGEMENT DIFFER IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS.
Urban waste requires careful segregation before a
can be recycled or disposed.
Higher levels of technology and sound management in such areas is most important to minimin
environmental pollution.
In rural regions where lifestyles are comparatively
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can be recycled into comportmanure hogs fuck since organic waste is biodegradable The waste management in residential localities
needs more organised management of waste since it may lead to more pressure on environment In industrial areas the waste is of hazardous nature and needs very careful handling. Most of
the industrial waste generation is of long term hazardous nature. It has very serious long-lasting impact on environment and society .Municipal waste need to be handled carefully
The local government must take full care of the collection, transportation and disposal of municipal waste
.If these wastes are not handled properly they may become a source of various diseases. They may also attract pests, flies and mosquitoes.
. Dumping E waste is also becoming a serious problem, especially in Metro cities. Hence, E-waste recycling is very important, to protect our environment.
9. WASTE MANAGEMENT AND 3Rs-REDUCING,
REUSING AND RECYCLING
Waste generation and its management is becoming a universal problem especially in the developing countries. People all over the world are looking for more sustainable ways to dispose of the waste to save the environment.
There are two ways to solve this problem (a) To reduce generation of waste source.
(b) To find suitable ways to turn waste into wealth i.e. turn it into potential resource. Hence, the basic concept of three Rs., Le. Reduce, reuse and recycle plays the most important role in the modern waste management strategy. Its aim is to generate minimum amount of waste and to extract maximum benefit from the waste generated or produced.
Waste generation is a product of human activity. Hence, the quantity of waste produced can also be controlled by muman in the following ways: Reducing waste:
cloth bags or paper bags
Piting wwareness amamgst the human towards pudicious use of products to reduce proportional generation of waste, may help in saving or moument
With improved technology which aims at use of minimum resources, product durability has improved Hence, purchasing items which will not effect the cavironment eg solar heater and other solar products will help in reducing the waste generated at source.
Learning to use products which do not generate foo much waste, are ecofriendly and biodegradable Household waste Le, vegetable peels, garden waste, etc can be reduced by making compost
Many household items are thrown or discarded given a slight fault and new items are purchased. A consumer can rather make a wise choice and
reuse the items after repairing or polishing them
or giving them a makeover instead of purchasing
At the time of using disposables like plastic plates, utensils and plastic food storage bags they should not be thrown away as most of them can last for
a long time and can be put to many uses • Using washable table napkins instead of paper napkins could be another possibility.
Reuse and recycling of waste
Reuse-There are many things, that can be reused with a
little change in appearance like: Converting old pieces of cloth into dolls, cushion
covers, doormats, etc.
Making new notebooks from unused pages of old
notebooks
Reusing old tyres, tin can, glass bottles, etc.
Many waste collectors collect waste items which serve as raw material for another item by using their art skills eg., handicrafts.
Some solid wastes from the industry can be utilize directly eg., flyash from power plants is used a
cement substitute. Flyash is also used in making of roads and fillu
up low lying areas.
• Reducing the use of harmful articles which are non biodegradable like polybags and replacing them by
Bricks are also made from flyash
ste Management-Impact of Waste Accumulation
Advantages of recycling
RECYCLE
Some recycling centres specialise in one type of waste mach as glass, metal cans or paper
Fig 18.17
Recycling of waste- Nowadays the emphasis is to utilize
the waste and make the best of its by recycling it
Recycling of waste helps conserve the natu resources that otherwise would be used by manufactures
It also helps reduce the pollation that may tes
from disposal of various waste materials
Examples of Recycling waste
Many communities have established recyclin centers for the collection of recyclable wate wherein operators of the centers sort-out the wes and send them to manufacturers who used into usable materials.
Some recycling centres specialize in one type
waste such as glass, metal cans or paper. Waste paper sometimes reused to make new p
Recycling is processing the waste into raw material usable in other useful materials. This both ways-reduces the waste generation by reusing or recycling it. (See Fig. 16.17)
The waste material that can be recycled may come from several sources Le, domestic waste, office waste, plastic, paper scrap material, metals and textiles
Recycling is possible only if the waste is of segregated at source and then soiled, cleaned and reprocessed into new useful products.
Recycling is beneficial only if the cost reprocessing
is covered by the demand of the product,
e.g. baggasse (residue of sugarcane after extraction of
juice) is used for manufacturing paper.
(1) Paper recycling
through a process called Paper recycling Many different products result from pap recycling. For instance, new computer paper stationary result from recycling used chip bosed box board. It is also used in manufacturing building materials as insulation, plaster board and
roofing
(ii) Car recycling-a car is crushed into a big s cube when it becomes too old and is too dam to be used any more.
• A scrap processor is the machine which is aga this Then the cube of steel is melted and ma into other steel products.
CONTENT ANALYSIS IN BRIEF
1. Spoilage of landscape occurs due to inefficient and 4. It is necessary to practice good waste manageme improper management of accumulated waste. It
to protect our environment and human life. pollutes the environment and leads to health hazards. 5. The polluted environment and increasing generation of waste has hazardous effects on the life of
2. The pollutants from municipal solid waste carry liquids, solids and faecal matter which if not treated humans, marine creatures and animals causes serious health problems and spread of diseases like cholera, typhoid, dysentery, jaundice etc.
6. There is an increase in airborne and water bone diseases. Hence, it is absolutely necessary in
3. Industrial pollutants such as chemical waste consisting manage waste efficiently to protect life. of lead, mercury, arsenic and fluorides etc. have serious impact on human, animals and marine life.
7. E-waste recycling and collection, segregation and disposal of the same is responsibility of Municipality,
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