8.Productivity Enhancement Tools and Facilities ISC class 11 Business Studies for the year 2023-2024

Productivity Enhancement Tools and Facilities

CHAPTER OUTLINE

8.1. Tools and Facilities in Banks - ATM, Passbook Printing Kiosk, Cheque/Cash Depositing Machine. SMS Alerts

8.2. Tools and Facilities in Retail Industry - Barcode Scanner, Point of sale (POS) Machine, card swipe Machine 8.3. Tools and Facilities in Corporate Office- Biometric System, Photocopy Machine, LED Projector,

Scanners, Laptops, Smartphones, Video-conferencing, Intercom, Internet and WiFi, VoIP (Voice-over Internet Protocol) 5.4. Tools and Facilities in Airports: Self Check-in Kiosk, CUTE workstations, Automated backdrop. ADDS

Solutions, Airport hub wireless. Advanced ATS

Summary

+ Exercises

⚫ Question Bank

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With the innovations in technology there have been parallel innovations in the field of business and banking. Several modern technologically sound tools and facilities are now available which enhance the productivity not only in manufacturing units but also in sectors of retail, banking and corporate offices. These tools are innovative and syne with the latest technology. These are designed in such ways as to reduce human efforts, save time and cost significantly. tools and facilities offer great convenience for both the business firm and the clients. Some such tools and facilities which proved to be very helpful in the fields of banking, retail sector and corporate offices are discussed in this chapter.

8.1 TOOLS AND FACILITIES IN BANKS

Major facilities that are provided by banks nowadays and are proved to be very convenient and useful for both banks and customers are discussed below. 1. Automatic Teller Machine (ATM): An ATM is an automatic machine installed by banks for the convenience of their customers. Banks' customers get access to their bank deposit or accounts using an ATM which enables them to make a variety of transactions including withdrawal of cash, check balances, and change PIN etc. For withdrawing money through an ATM, the customer needs to insert his/her plastic ATM card in the ATM machine and follow the instructions displayed on the screen of such machine. Every ATM card consists of a unique magnetic stripe or a chip that contains a unique card number and some security information such as an expiration date or CVV of the card which is read by the ATM machine. Authentication is provided by the customer entering a personal identification number (PIN).

ATMs are placed not only near the banks but also at places which are frequently visited by large number of people. So ATM machines are usually located at shopping malls. airports, grocery stores, petrol stations, restaurants, hospitals, multiplexes, bus terminals. etc. There are two types of ATM installations, viz on premises ATM and off premises ATM On-premises ATMs are muito function machines performing more functions than only dispensing cash and are thus more expensive. Off-premises machines are single function devices used only for dispensing cash and hence are cheaper Advantages of ATM to the Bank and Customer

ATMs offer the following advantages to customers as well as banks It is an automatic machine that does not require a bank employee and hence saves cost

ATM

It is a self-service terminal and is available 24 hours. It helps to save time of customer and bank employers It is less expensive than a human teller (bank employee).

A customer can, not only withdraw and deposit but also check balance in his account ATM In case the currency being withdrawn from the ATM is different from that in which the bank account is denominated the money will be converted at an official exchange rate. Thus, ATMs often

provide the best possible exchange rates for foreign travellers

Fig. 8.1: ATM Machine

2. Passbook Printing Kiosk : Many Banks in India, like State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank etc., have launched barcode based passbook printing kiosk for enabling their customers to carry out passbook printing in self service mode using barcode technology. Customers can print the passbooks of their bank accounts through the passbook printing kiosk 24 7, even when the working hours of bank are over. For getting their passbook printed through such kiosk, customers are required to follow the following steps:

are required to get the bar code sticker printed and pasted on their passbook from the bank provides the facility of passbook printing kiosk. ⚫ Customers are required to insert the passbook in the kiosk as per the instructions

displayed on it, opening the last printed page (ie, current page) of the passbook.

They are further required to follow the step by step instructions displayed on the kiosk. If the page of the passbook inserted is full, the kiosk will eject the passbook with the instruction to turn the page. Customer need to turn the page and insert the

passbook again within 20 seconds into the kiosk as displayed on it.

If passbook is full without pages available for printing, customer need to get the new passbook from the bank and get the bar code sticker printed and pasted on the new passbook. Passbook printing kiosk saves time of customers as well as employees of bank. It

is very convenient as the customer need not wait or stand in a queue.

3. Cheque/Cash Depositing Machine: The Cheque/Cash Deposit Machine, popularly known as CDM, is a self-service terminal like ATM and passbook printing kiosk, that enables the customers to make deposits of cash and cheque into their bank account. Traditionally, depositing cash and cheque into the bank account can be a tedious affair as it has to be done within the banking hours with customers having to fill up a deposit slip and stand in a queue for long.

To make the cash and cheque deposit process more flexible and convenient, banks have introduced CDMs and are expanding their availability across different locations to encourage electronic cash and cheque deposit without the assistance of banking personnel. Deposits of cheque made after the cut-off time indicated at the respective CDM are sent for cleating on the next working day. Also, High value and non-MICR cheques are not deposited in CDM and have to be deposited at the counter. For depositing their cheque through CDM, customers are required to follow the following steps: Enter the account number or Credit Card number to which

the cheque has to be deposited. • Customer need to insert the cheque with face up and the MICK

Fig. 8.3: Cheque/Cash Depositing Machine

code on the right in the machine By inserting cheque into the machine, the cheque is displayed on the screen. Now the customer is required to enter the

amount of cheque and confirm the amount by pressing yes

8.2

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With confirmation given, machine deposits the cheque into the account and instantly generates an acknowledgement slip. • Customer need to accept the acknowledgment slip and exit the session.

A CDM also gives advantages of 24×7 availability, instant credit into customers' account, saving time and flexibility to deposit cash and cheque after the bank's working hours, Le.. on Sundays or public holidays.

4. SMS Alert: SMS alert service is a variant of mobile banking service provided by banks nowadays. Under this service, customer needs to register his/her mobile number with the bank, to which the bank sends notifications, sends alerts and enables customers to perform some basic transactions using Short Messaging Services (SMS) through their registered mobile number. Whenever, the customers make a transaction in the account, they get an SMS on their registered mobile. SMS alert helps customers remain informed about any made to the account, withdrawal made from the account and check the latest balance in their account. It is convenient and time saving as the customers need not visit the bank again and again for such transactions.

SMS alerts are of two types -pull messages and push messages.

• Pull messages are initiated by the customer, using registered mobile phone, for

obtaining information or making a transaction through the respective bank account. Examples of pull messages include an account balance enquiry, requests for current information like currency exchange rates and deposit interest rates as published and updated by the bank

• Push messages are sent by a bank on the customer mobile phone without a request by the customer. Such a message includes an alert of a large withdrawal of cash through ATM or credit card, alert for payment due, information of e-statement when it is ready to be downloaded. Another type of most frequent SMS Alert push message is one-time password (OTPs). OTPs are sent to a customer's mobile phone via SMS, who is required to enter the same to complete transactions using online or mobile banking. The OTP is valid for a very short period and valid for only a single transaction.

The customers of bank can select the type of activities for which they wish to receive an alert. The selection can be done using internet banking, phone or writing application to the bank.

8.2 TOOLS AND IN RETAIL INDUSTRY The main tools and machines which are being used in retail shops are following

1. Barcode Scanner: A barcode scanner or render is an electronic device that can read and transfer printed barcodes of products to a computer. These devices are used by Point Of Sale (POS) systems to identify a product. It uses pre-stored data to calculate the cost and generate the total bill for a client. There are various advantages of using barcode scanners for both retailers and customers. Some of the important advantages of using Barcode Scanner are as follows:

⚫ Barcode retailers to serve customers faster and improve service by quickly scanning bar codes at the Point Of Sale (POS).

instead of typing the full product name or number. . It reduces pricing and inventory errors as the typical error rate for human data entry is error per 300 characters. Barcode scanners can be as good

as 1 error in 36 trillion characters depending on the type of barcode used. It saves time and improves efficiency. If all the merchandise of retailer is bar coded, it can time by checking out customers faster, instantly implementing mark downs and eliminating the problem of price tag

switching. One of the biggest cost savings and benefits is maintaining a more accurate inventory. Bar coding reduces errors at receiving and at the point of sale so the inventory stays accurate.

Fig. 8.4: Barcode Scan

2. POS (Point-of-sale) Machine: A POS machine is usually installed in a retail store or

other establishment in place of cash registers to handle cash and credit transactions.

Although a POS machine looks like a simple cash register, but it can handle transactions

beyond cash and credit sales. A POS machine can process cheque payments, discounts.

special offers and other customer transactions. It can also handle inventory adjustments,

sales analysis and even clerical office work.

A POS Machine does the following:

(i) Reads the Bank Account information from debit and credit card of the customer.

(ii) Transfers the funds from the customer's Account

to the Seller's Account.

(iii) Checks whether the account of the costumer has sufficient balance to make the payment.

(iv) Records the transactions and prints the receipts in duplicate i.e. one for the customer and the other for the vendor.

A POS machine's components can be divided into two categories - hardware and software.

Fig. 8.5: POS Machine

Hardware: The basic components include a computer or access to a computer, video display, barcode scanner, receipt printer, magnetic strip reader for credit and debit cards and cash drawer. Optional features consist of a screen to capture customer's signatures, a to enter PINS from debit card transactions, and a weight-scale. Different POS machines in an establishment can be connected to a single computer or server.

• Software: The software in a POS machine varies to the purpose of the

machine. A POS machine that functions essentially as a cash register has softwa to make change for cash transactions, along with operations to authorize purchase through debit and credit cards. A POS machine that also handles inventory software to track changes in stock levels. A POS machine for a restaurant has softwar to match food and drink orders with the proper tables and to process take drive through orders

The Reserve Bank of India is going to establish a process for Aadhaar-based POS

machines to promote cashless transactions Point-of-sale (POS) terminals are expected

to go multilingual by the next quarter in a step aimed at localizing cashless payment

The new languages to be introduced in the terminals are Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada

Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Tamil and Telugu. Smart Features: A smart PoS is like a smartphone integrated with a mobile POS marries security features of the terminal and sophistication of a smartphone. It comes embedded with a bar code scanner which can help merchants identify mentory

3. Card Swipe Machine: With growing emphasis on cashless economy and the demonetization drive carried on, people do not prefer to handle cash and are avoiding cash transactions. These days most people prefer to pay for the goods and services bought through their debit/credit cards rather than in cash. Therefore, retailers nowadays have to use card swipe machines for these payment methods A card swipe machine is an Electronic Data Capture (EDC) machine or paymen terminal provided by a bank to the customers. The retailer can swipe or dip cards to receive payments. Cards with embedded chip need to be clipped in the machine while cards without chips can be swiped. Once a card is dipped tr swiped, the machine captures the essential information from the debit/credit card including the customer's name, card number, CVV etc. It also records the name of the outlet where the transaction is made, the date and time of the transaction The information so captured is transferred to the card issuer for authorization by entering the secret PIN. After authorisation, the amount is transferred to the seller's account. A card swipe machine relieves both the customer and the retailer from handling cash.

Fig. 8.6: Card Swipe Machine

8.3 TOOLS AND FACILITIES IN CORPORATE OFFICE

Corporate offices are also not far behind when it comes to using latest technology for day to day repetitive tasks. Some the and most commonly used tools and facilities used by corporate offices nowadays

are as follows. 1. Biometric System: The term "Biometric" is derived from the Greek words "Bio" meaning life and "Metric" meaning measure. All individuals are unique and can be identified using their physical or behavioural patterns. The system which is used to identify individuals and to provide them access to various controls is called Biometric System. It is a measurement of people's physical and behavioural characteristics. There are two main types of biometric sensors.

Fig. 8.7: Biometric Machine

• Physiological sensors: These sensors identify the shape and composition of the human body. E.g. fingerprint sensors, face detection, DNA testing.

Real These the behaviour of the human bone

A record of a person's unique charters is captured and stored in a database Later on, whenever identification is required, this record then compared with the new record that is then capurest If the data in the new record matches with the database, the person deity is identified otherwise an enor is displayed to the individual. There has been a growing need for lintication using biometric systems in offices in areas such as employee attendance, checking the muthorization of a person to do certain tasks, securing classified information etc. In addition to providing security, biometric systems enables us to not to remember any passwords or carry any security tokens Facial recognition technology has been used by governments in identifying criminals in large crowds with considerable reliability. Hand biometry is used in industry to provide access to buildings

2. Photocopy Machine: It is a machine that makes copies of papers and other visual images instantly and economically. Photocopying was introduced by Xerox in 1959 and it gradually replaced carbon papers, and other duplicating machines. The major advantages of a photocopy machine are that it can make a lot of copies at once and it is usually cheaper than a printer, Also, making copies doesn't take too long and an exact replica is made using a photocopier.

3. LED Projector : LED stands for light emitting diodes. An LED projector is a type of video projector for displaying video, images or computer data on a screen or any other flat surface. Projectors can be used to deliver lectures, presentations, clips, animations to large groups as well as to watch movies and videos. These days projectors are used in classrooms, conference rooms, home, etc. for understanding the concepts and projects very easily. LED have a much longer life than the traditional projectors and they are more portable than other projection systems. LED projectors are energy efficient and also quiet.

Fig. 8.8: Photocopy Mach

Fig. 8.9: LED Projector

4. Even though offices have become highly digitized, but still every office space hordes the important information to be communicated through paper. This includes business invoices, contracts, business cards, tax documents, travel claims, customer information forms and employee personal records, Businesses such as healthcare, financial services, logistics and education are especially susceptible to such overloading of paper document. In most offices documents are stored in files, cabinets and boxes which make the task of finding a particular document a time-consuming process. Also there is ever-present risk of loss of an important business document. But if these documents are converted into the digital form, all the concerns could be handled easily. For this purpose, one of the most useful tools in the modern office is proved to be the scanner. Modern scanners are easy to use and as versatile as your imagination. Scanners, also known as image scanner, is a device that optically scans images, text, handwriting or an object and converts it into a digital image. A scanner is usually connected to a computer using many different interfaces but mostly using a USB cable. Scanning documents eliminates the need of provision for document storage at the office premises and it also reduces the risk of loss of vital information as well as the risk of a lost business opportunity for lack of timely access to information.

5. Laptops: Laptop, also called a "notebook" or "notebook computer", is a small, portable personal computer with a "clamshell" form factor, an alphanumeric keyboard on the lower part of the "clamshell" and a thin LCD or LED computer screen on the upper portion, which is opened up to use the computer. Laptops are folded shut for transportation, and thus are suitable for mobile use. The use of laptop computers has grown dramatically in the last decade. Laptops were created for the purpose of the highly mobile workforce. Because of their compact size and weight, they are meant to be portable items. There are many advantages of using a laptop

in the workplace. Laptops take up much less space on a desk when compared to a desktop computer. They provide the owner with more freedom, allowing them to use their computers in business meetings or during travel. Additionally, laptops can greatly enhance the efficiency and productivity of conferences and meetings. They allow for better note and minute taking, and when enhanced with the correct software, they can allow multiple users to simultaneously interact on a corresponding main screen, where they can review, edit and manipulate documents.

Fig. 8.11: Laptop

6. Smartphones: Cell phones, now popularly called as smartphones, are incredibly useful for corporate employees in general and sales people in particular. Since anyone in sales likely spends a lot of time on the road driving from one place to another, not being able to stay in touch with the office when they cannot visit the office premise can make a huge difference in the productivity. Smartphones take this potential a step further by giving them access to a wide range of tools and information once only available from a full-sized computer. With rapid changes in technology and to keep up with fast pace of world, smartphone is not just a tool rather a necessity for the corporate offices. There are many advantages served by a smartphone which helps employees to do their jobs faster, better and with less effort. Some of these advantages are as follows.

Smartphone's GPS guides the way to meet appointments on time, even if the employee is in a strange city far from home. Most GPS software will even alert to major traffic delays and find an alternate route as needed.

Many CRMS (Customer relationship management software) allow the employees to connect to customers from their smartphone and pull out useful data on prospects and customers. It's easy to retrieve a customer's order history or little details, keeping

them updated with vital information.

• Smartphone allows an employee to do some last-minute Google searching and find a few new tidbits of information, while sitting in car or in the lobby waiting, that will make their presentation easier.

Smartphones

When an employee got six appointments lined up in one day, keeping them straight can be a nightmare. Most smartphones have apps that allow us to record not only

who you met and where, but also notes about the impending appointment. When being asked a question during a meeting and the employee doesn't know the answer, smartphone allows him to check internet to pull up information about the particular thing immediately.

A smartphone makes the entire address book available at all times. So if there is a sudden need to call a former co-worker from the road to provide important

information, or need a last-minute hotel reservation for an unexpected overnight stay. it is hassle free with smartphones.

These are not the only advantages served by a smartphone in the corporate offices. There

are lots of apps available nowadays to make the work easier and faster at workplace

using the smartphone.

7. Video Conferencing: Videoconferencing is the conduct of a videoconference by a set of telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to communicate by simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. Recent developments in mobile devices and wireless networks have propelled further interest in being able to video conference anytime, from anywhere. There are a lot of applications available for video conferencing. Any department of any organization where meetings take place finance. engineering, human resources, manufacturing, marketing, product development, sales, training is an appropriate place to use video conferencing for the following reasons:

Fig. 8.13: Video Conferencing

Connect the employees located at different places without travel. • Bring in remote experts for consultation or training.

• Interview job candidates without actually fixing any physical meeting.

Make a presentation to a vendor or customer. • View data and presentations on an or real-time basis

• Receive information at any time or place. The use of video conferencing has the potential to increase productivity and efficiency by reducing unproductive travel time, preventing meeting delays, creating shorter and more structured meetings and allowing for greater reach of a message. Video conferencing also allows for an increased number of participants It often difficult to get information to everyone at the same time, but with video conferencing, all individuals who need data can get the information when it is easiest for them. Many organizations have realized a real competitive advantage using video conferencing Products are developed and introduced to the market more quickly, problems are resolved faster and everyone needing to be involved in a decision can be in touch without the need to travel or wait for an in-person meeting to take place.

8. Intercom: An intercom (intercommunication device), talkback or door phone is a stand alone voice communications system for use within a building or small collection of buildings, functioning independently of the public telephone network. An office intercom is useful for any business owner, whether they have regular visitors or they are a closed site. Whatever the size of the company or the purpose of the office, there are a number of benefits to having the intercom professionally installed. These benefits include the following:

It enhances security of the company premise because an intercom system means entry of a person can always be monitored. An intercom is a vital gateway that prevents malicious visitors or out of hours calls to the company office.

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Lone workers or night staffs are in a particularly vulnerable position. They won't have the extra of colleagues in an emergency, and they often need a record of the event to back up their statement when challenged. A video intercom is particularly useful in these working environments. If someone requests entry, CCTV can show the member of staff inside the building that is just the one person, and it lets them check their ID before allowing access. CCTV is also excellent for visual identification, and works well in accommodation blocks where you may also have provided entry keys.

A secure premise is an attractive proposition to potential owners if it has a comprehensive intercom system in place. They can take ownership, move staff in and not have to worry about the safety of their employees. If the building is to be used as a facility for purposes other than just staff as a storage unit business for example the cost savings are huge, and the efficiency gains considerably. -

8.14: Intercom

9. Internet and Wi-Fi: Generally known as the wide area network (WAN), the internet connects computers from around the world. In reality, the internet actuality connects many local networks together, via a ton of routers. On the other hand, Wi-Fi is a method of accessing the Internet or a private network from the computer using radio waves rather than a physical cable. Wi-Fi is the abbreviation of "wireless fidelity". Internet via Wi-Fi is proved to be advantageous to a corporate office in the following ways:

Widespread Coverage: The Wi-Fi network allows access from anywhere in the building. This allows an employee to take a laptop from an office to the conference room without losing network connectivity. It gives access to network resources without needing to hunt around for a free computer.

Offsite Access: More and more Wi-Fi hotspots are appearing in airports, hotels, coffee shops, and restaurants. Some cities are installing municipal wireless networks that allow access anywhere within the city limits Employees who are traveling me clients can have access to company resources and email wherever they are

More Efficient Employees Employees particularly those who travel, are less likely to experience dead uume when they cannot work. It allows employees to better balance their work and personal lives by giving them more options on when and where they

can work

10. Voll (Voice-over Internet Protocol): Voice over Internet Protocol (Vall) is a 997 of technology that allows the users to make calls using the broadband Interset ruther than the traditional telephone system Voll works by converting sound into digital voice communication and then transferring it through Internet broadband. In layman's language. Voll is basically using the Internet to make phone calls Using a Voll system has several benefits for corporate offices. These benefits are as follows:

Voll is easier to install, configure, and maintain.

VoIP integrates with other business systems.

Voice over Internet Protocol (Volly technology

can increase the overall productivity of un organization by allowing their employees to multi-task without interruption. The cost of using a VoIP telephone is much

cheaper than using a conventional phone. The convenience and comfort provided by a VoIP telephone system is available all over the world. Using any broadband connection. you can log in to your VoIP telephone, und you will get a dial tone.

8.4 TOOLS AND FACILITIES IN AIRPORTS

Fig. 8:15: VoIP Technology

The use of new technology, such as internet E-check-in and self-service kiosks, allows the processing of a significant number of passengers to be decentralised from the airport itself. This allows a better use of airport staff resources and reduces bottlenecks while, more significantly.

allowing more departing passengers to be processed. 1. Self Check-in Kiosk : Also known as airport check in kiosks, they are self service

devices that are simple to use and convenient, making it possible for flyers to

check in any time on the day of departure. Check-in is usually the first procedure for a passenger when arriving at an airport. as airline regulations require passengers to check in by certain times prior to the departure of a flight. Kiosk Check-in is a convenient way for passengers to check- in using kiosks located at the airport. Passengers identify themselves with id or passport then confirm their flight information, review seat assignment, indicate checked bags and print the boarding pass

They make check-in easier for passengers, save expensive terminal space, cut airline costs and speed up the whole process for everyone. To support the move to self bag-tagging, the kiosks are equipped with extra storage for tags as well as audio and camera features for remote support from airline staff. The kiosks would also accommodate future such as check-in and payment using near field communication

Fig: 8.16: Self Check-in Kosk

Kiosks are be opted by passengers but the process is slow and suspicion of new technology has to be overcome by providing hosting As time goes on kiosks will become more accepted but the technology is evolving rapidly so that kiosks will be able to carry more functions than previously imagined As ATMs are accepted as a way of life now so will self-service check in kiosks be in the future

2. CUTE (Common Use Terminal Equipment) Workstations: CUTE stands for Co Use Terminal Equipment. It refers to the sharing of equipment by airlines. It enables airports, airlines and ground services companies to access their own IT applications using a series of cutting edge technologies in every area of the airport, in real time and on hardware shared by all users. It helps airport in asset optimisation and greater flexibility and creating opportunity for future growth, keeping pace of the growing demand and preventing future investment costs. With CUTE, the auports operational team will no longer need dedicated check-in counters but will use the same airport gates, desks and workstations, greatly increasing the volume of traffic that can be accommodated by infrastructure. CUTE helps in reducing the process time and ensures a free flowing terminal, benefiting all airlines/airports by contributing to passenger satisfaction

3. Automated Backdrop: Implementing automation at airport bottlenecks could expedite drop-off, check-in, security, and boarding for flyers and employees. Transportation authorities, airlines, tech companies, and others are experimenting with ways to automate and streamline airport pain points. The further expansion of this technology could automate the detection of firearms, knives, explosives, lithium ion batteries and other prohibited items. 4. AODB Solutions: The Airport Operational Database (AODB) is the Central Information

Platform for storing, processing and distribing all flight-related data. AODB is the "core"

of the airport operations management system. It is a highly flexible central repository

for the management of airport operations. It provides all the flight related data in real

time. Each airport has its own central database that stores and updates all necessary

data regarding daily flights, seasonal schedules, available resources, and other flight-

related information, like billing data and flight fees. AODB is a key feature for the

functioning of an airport. It allows the integration of airport control systems, airport resource allocation and airport invoicing systems under a unique, friendly, fast and intuitive user interface. A reliable and well-maintained AODB does that by administering, tracking, and scheduling the resources required to operate airports.

AODB serves as a repository of information relating to airport operations that can be shared among stakeholders. An AODB supports real-time data warehousing and data retrieval from information technology (IT) systems and provides the mechanism for the integration of systems throughout the site. A well-designed AODB can become the cornerstone for allocating a variety of airport resources efficiently.

Fig: 8.17: ADD8 Solutions

5. Airport Hub Wireless: The air industry is becoming increasingly dependent on mobile devices and wireless connectivity. Airports and airlines have unusually high mobility among employees. By providing a wireless technology to their staff that facilitates the real-time exchange of information, wherever they may be, airlines can improve operational efficiency. Moving from paper to digital enables significant admin time reduction, allowing users to focus on their main job.

Mobile-assisted processes help airport-based staff deliver better passenger service and

make ground-based operations smoother and efficient. Enabling workforce collaboration and communication across different workgroups enhances the information flow and helps minimise disruption impacts. This agile way of working means it's simpler to make the right decision, in good time and every time. Instant access to operational data improves the passenger experience and the management of costs.

6. Advanced ATS: In aviation, an air traffic service (ATS) is a service which regulates

and assists aircraft in real-time to ensure their safe operations Given the sharp increase in air traffic, air navigation service providers are faced several challenges to ensure that they continue to control flights safely, orderly and punctually. More flexibility is needed regarding the scheduling of air traffic controllers. However, this alone cannot be the answer to the challenges of the future For this reason, more efficient technologies, digitalisation and new structures will have to be at the forefront.

The advanced system facilitates automatic exchange of flight information between

airport and adjacent Air Traffic Control units besides improving air traffic management

through timely information on aircraft movements and integrating meteorological data

and aeronautical information.

Flight data processing, situation data display, flight data display, control and monitoring display; data recording facility and database management constitute the key components of the system that ensures integrated traffic flow management between different phases of flight in addition to providing safety nets to enhance air safety. It would enhance efficiency of aircraft operations through better situational awareness and provides safety alerts to air traffic controllers.

SUMMARY

Tools and Facilities in Banks :

ATM: Automatic Teller Machine that can release cash and accept deposits. Banks are establishing counters at different places to help their customers.

Passbook Printing Kiosk : A machine that prints entries in the bank passbook.

Cheque/Cash Depositing Machine : A machine in which cheques and cash can be deposited. SMS Alert: Short Message Service sent by a bank on the mobiles of its customers to them ab

transactions and balances in their bank accounts.

Tools and Facilities in Retail Industry:

Barcode Scanner : An electronic device that can read and transfer printed barcodes to a computer.

Pos Machine: A point of sale machine installed in retail to cash and credit tran

Card Swipe Machine: A machine in which debit and credit cards are swiped to accept payments fo services sold.

Tools and Facilities in Corporate office :

Biometric System: A system of checking the identity of a person through biological data:

Photocopy Machine: A machine used to print photocopies of documents

Led Projector: A projector used to display video images on a screen.

Scanners: A device that scans images of handwritten or printed matter and converts the same

image.

Laptop: A portable personal computer used at home, office and other places. Smartphone: A mobile phone or cell phone with advanced features.

Video-Conferencing: A set of telecommunication technologies used to talk to and see petiple sitting at distant locations within or between counties Intercom: A stand alone voice system used for communication within a building

Internet: A network of computers interinked to store and search information

WH-FI: A wireless local network within the control of its owner. VoIP (Voice-over-Internet Protocol): A group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and

multimedia sessions over Intamet

Tools and Facilities in Airports:

Self Check-in Kiosk : They are self service devices that are simple to use and convenient, making

it posable

for flyers to check in any time on the day of departure

CUTE: Stands for Common Use Terminal Equipment ADDB Solutions: The Airport Operational Database (AODB) is the "core" of the airport operations management

system

Advanced ATS: In aviation, an air traffic service (ATS) is a service which regulates and assists aircraft in

real-time to ensure their safe operations

EXERCISES

1. Multiple Choice Questions (Select the best alternative) 1. Which of the following tools is generally used in the corporate office?

(d) All of the above

(a) system

(c) LED (b) Photocopy machine

Projector not used in the Retail Industry?

2. Which of the following tools is generally

(a) Barcode scanner

(b) Volp

(c) POS machine

(d) Card Swipe Machine

3. Which of the following tools is not used in Airports?

(a) Voice-over Internet Protocol (c) Common use Terminal Equipment

(b) Self check-in Kiosk

(d) Airport Operational Database

4. The use of new technology, such as internet E-check-in and self service Kiosks, allows the processing number of

processing of a significant number of passengers to be

from the airport itself.

(a) Decentralised

(b) Centralised (d) Neither (a) nor (b) above

(c) Both (a) and (b) above

5.

CUTE stands for:

(3) Common Use Technology Equipment (c) Common Use Technical Equipment

(b) Common Use Terminal Equipment (d) Common Use Temporary Equipment

6. VoIP stands for:

(a) Voice-over Internet Protocol

(b) Voice-India Internet Protocol

(c) Voice-Inland Internet Protocol 7. What does T in ATM stand for?

(d) Voice of India Protocol

(a) Teller

(b) Transaction

(c) Transformer

(d) Technical

8. An automatic machine installed by banks (a) AMT (b) ATM

for the convenience of their customers is

(c) AODB

(d) POS

9. What does CDM stand for? (a) Cash/cheque deposit machine

(b) Cash developing machine

(c) Cheque deposit machine 10. What is not deposited in CDM?

(d) Cheque designing machine

(a) High value cheques (b) Non-MICR cheques (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above 11. Message initiated by the customer, using registered mobile phone for obtaining information is called (b) Pull message

(a) Push message

(c) Barcode

(d) email

(h) Pull message

(d) email transaction is called

(c) Barcode

(b) Mobile Number can read and transfer printed

12. Messages sent by a bank on the customer mobile number without a request by the customer is called

(a) Push message 13. The number which

is

valid for a very short period of time and for only (a) Password (c) OTP

a single

14. An electronic device that (a) POS

codes of a product to a computer is called

15. What does 'P' in POS stand for? (a) Product

16. A machine usually installed in a retail store or other establishment in place of (a) POS Machine

cash registers is called (d) Passbook

(d) PTO

(b) Barcode Scanner

(d) COM

(c) ATM

(b) Production

(d) Price

(c) Point

(c) CDM is also called as

(b) Debit card

17. The basic components like video display, receipt printer

(b) Hardware

18. The RBI is going to establish a process for Aadhar based POS machines to promote (a) Cashless transactions (b) Credit Transactions 19. A card swipe machine is an (c) Dematerialisation (d) Barcode scanner

(a) Software

(c) Photocopy machine

(d) Barcode scanners

(a) CVV machine

(c) Biometric system

(b) Electronic Data Capture (EDC) (d) Behavioural sensors

20. What does 'C' in CUTE workstation stand for? (a) Cable (b) Check-in

Ans. 1 (d)

2. (b)

3. (a) 13. (c)

4. (a)

5. (b) 15. (c)

6. (a) 7. (a) (c) Common

8. (b)

9. (a) 19. (b)

10 (c) 20. (c)

(d) Configure

11. (b) 12. (a)

14. (b)

16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (a)

11. Fill in the blanks. 1. ATS stands for

2. Higher value and

cheques are not deposited in CDM and have to be deposited at the counter. 3. OTP are sent to customers mobile phone is an example of message.

4. A

is an Electronic Data Capture (EDC) machine or payment terminal provided by a bank to

the customers.

5. Fingerprint sensor, face detection, DNA testing, etc are some examples of allows two or more locations to communicate by simultaneous two way video and audio

6.

transmission.

works by converting sound into digital voice communication and then transferring internet broadband.

it through

enables airport, airlines and ground services companies to access their own IT applications using a series of cutting edge technologies in every area of airport.

9.

provides all the flight related data in real-time. enables the customer to make a variety of transactions including with withdrawal of cash,

10. check balances, change pin, etc.

2. non-MICR

3. push 7. VoIP

Ans. 1. Air traffic service

4. Card swipe machine

8. CUTE

5. Physiological

6. Video Conferencing

9. AODB

10. ATM

sensors.

III. Short Answer Type Questions 1. What is ATM?

2. What is meant by SMS Alert? 3. What is a Barcode

4. What do you mean by POS machine? 5. What is a Card Swipe Machine?

6. Define Biometric System. 7. What is a LED Projector?

8. What do you understand by Laptop? 9. What do you understand by a Smartphone?

10. What is video conference?

11. What is Intercom?

12. What is meant by Voll?

What is CUTE?

14. Give one advantage of self check-in Kiosk

15. What is meant by ACDB? TV tong Answer Type Questions

1. Explain the main tools and facilities used to enhance productivity in banks. industry.

2. Discuss the main tools and devices used in retail 3. Describe the modern tools and devices used these days in corporate offices

4. Explain in brief any two tools used in Airport.

QUESTION BANK

1. Very Short Answer Questions

1. For what purpose scanner is used?

Ans. A scanner is an electronic device used for the purpose of scanning documents, 2. What purpose LED projector serves in the corporate office? Ans. A LED projector displays videos, images and other data on the screen or any other flat and clear surface. It is

used in the corporate office for seminar presentations, conducting conference, presentations of projects etc. 3. State any two major benefit derived from the use of smartphone.

Ans. (It helps in maintaining a database of phone numbers of people. (It helps the employees to have an instant access to internets.

4. What purpose intercom service serves in the corporate office? Ans. Intercom service refers to an intercommunication device used in different departments of an organisation to

share information among its employees. 5. What is the use of Point Of Sale (POS) machine? What purpose it serves?

Ans. A point of sale machine is a computerised device used as a replacement of a cash register which can maintain

both credit and debit card transactions. It is used generally at the retail outlets to process the card payments

6. "POS machine and card swipe machine are one and the same." Comment. Ans. No, both these machine are different from each other, though looking alike. Card swipe machines are used t encourage cash less transactions while as POS machine is a computerized device used as a replacement of cash register which can maintain both credit and debit card transactions.

II. Short Answer Questions

1. Expand the following:

(1) ATM

(ii) SMS

Ans.

() Automatic Teller Machine (i) Point of Sale Machine

(ii) POS Machine

(iv) VoIP

(I) Short Message Service (iv) Voice-over Internet Protocol

2. Name the machines and devices that are used to enhance productivity and save time Ans. ATM, Passbook Printing Machine, Cheque/Cash Depositing Machine and SMS Alerts are used to enhan productivity and save time in banks.

in banks.

Comment.

shopping convenient and easy.

4. What is QR Code?

3. "Today retail establishments use several devices for their own convenience and for that of the customer Ans. Today establishments use Barcode scanner, Point of sale machines, and Card swipe machines to ma

Ans. QR Code stands for Quick Response Code which is a matrix barcode designed specially to contain informat about the things on which it is placed. It might be used as a sticker on a product which contains the details it or might be stuck on a shop window which can contain account details about the specific merchant.

3. These days many tools are used in Airport which allows a better use of airport staff resources and reduces bottleneck. Explain any one such tool or technology. Ans. In aviation, an air traffic service (ATS) is a service which regulates and assists aircraft in real-time to ensure their safe operations. Given the sharp increase in air traffic, air navigation service providers are faced with several challenges

to ensure that they continue to control flights safely, orderly and punctually More flexibility is needed regarding the scheduling of air traffic controllers. However, this alone cannot be the answer to the challenges of the future. For this reason, more efficient technologies, digitalisation and new structures will have to be at the forefront.

The advanced system facilitates automatic exchange of flight information between airport and adjacent Air Traffic

Control units besides improving air traffic management through timely information on aircraft movements and

integrating meteorological data and aeronautical information,

III. Long Answer Questions

1. "In a modern corporate office, several devices are used to enhance productivity, reduce costs and save time". Elucidate.

Ans. In a modern corporate office, some of the devices used to enhance productivity, reduce costs and save are given below

(1) Biometric System

(iv) Video-conferencing

(ii) Intercom (v) LED Projector

(vil) Scanner

(viii) Wi-Fi

(x) Laptop

(x) Voice-over-Internet Protocol

(xi) Smartphone

(1) Photocopy Machine (vi) Internet

Technological advancement has changed the way companies work today. While efficiency has increased, certain obsolete skill sets have also been eliminated. As many as 84% companies in India have gone for digitisation because it is now a compelling need, an important profitabilty and productivity driver and a means for driving

innovation.

There is a difference between digitisation and digitalisation. Transforming analog to digital was digitisation,

whereas transforming the entire industry is digitalisation.

2. Discuss the following machines in brief used in a corporate office :

(1) Biometric system

(ii) Led Projector

(ii) Laptops

Ans. (1) Biometric System: The term "Biometric" is derived from the Greek words "Bio" meaning life and "Metric

meaning measure. All individuals are and can be identified using their physical or behavioural patterns. The system which is used to identify individuals and to provide them access to various controls is called Biometric System. It is a measurement of people's physical and behavioural characteristics. There are two main types of biometric sensors.

(ii) LED Projector: LED stands for light emitting diodes. An LED projector is a type of video projector for displaying video, images or computer data on a screen or any other flat surface. Projectors can be used to deliver lectures, presentations, clips, animations to large groups as well as to watch movies and videos. These days projectors are used in classrooms, conference rooms, home, etc. for understanding the concepts and projects very easily LED projectors have a much longer life than the traditional projectors and they are more portable than other projection systems. LED projectors are energy efficient and also quiet.

(iii) Laptops: Laptop, also called a "notebook" or "notebook computer", is a small, portable personal computer with a "clamshell" form factor, an alphanumeric keyboard on the lower part of the "clamshell" and a thin LCD or LED computer screen on the upper portion, which is opened up to use the computer, Laptops are folded shut for transportation, and thus are suitable for mobile use. The use of laptop computers has grown dramatically in the last decade. Laptops were created for the purpose of the highly mobile workforce. Because of their compact size and weight, they are meant to be portable items. There are many advantages of using a laptop in the workplace.

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